This page explains the general scientific principles, data sources, and limitations underlying Pregnalyze tools. Individual calculators and charts may apply different models, inputs, and assumptions depending on their purpose.
Tong et al. - First-trimester baseline risk study
“Miscarriage risk for asymptomatic women after a normal first-trimester prenatal visit”
Magnus et al. - Over 500,000 pregnancies studied
“Role of maternal age and pregnancy history in risk of miscarriage: prospective register-based study”
Nadia A. du Fossé et al. - Paternal age meta-analysis
“Advanced paternal age is associated with an increased risk of spontaneous miscarriage: a systematic review and meta-analysis”
Sundermann et al. - Lifestyle and early pregnancy
“Week-by-week alcohol consumption in early pregnancy and spontaneous abortion risk: a prospective cohort study”
Pregnalyze tools are built using published scientific research, including large population studies, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and established clinical guidelines from obstetrics, gynecology, reproductive medicine, epidemiology, and biostatistics.
All results are derived from peer-reviewed medical literature and validated statistical methods. Pregnalyze does not rely on intuition, opinions, or generative artificial intelligence to produce estimates.
Types of Models Used Across Pregnalyze Tools
Pregnalyze includes multiple tools that serve different analytical purposes. As a result, different statistical approaches are used across the platform:
Each calculator or chart applies only the modeling approach relevant to its specific purpose.
Pregnalyze tools use information entered by users to select appropriate reference data from the scientific literature. Depending on the tool, inputs may be used to:
Not all factors influencing pregnancy outcomes can be included. Models are necessarily simplified representations of complex biological processes and generally assume that individual variables act independently unless specified otherwise in the source literature.
To ensure clarity and safety:
Pregnalyze provides educational, research-based statistical information only.
All Pregnalyze tools are based on population-level data. Results represent statistical estimates rather than individual predictions.
Limitations include incomplete data coverage, uncertainty within published studies, simplified modeling assumptions, and evolving scientific evidence. Where applicable, confidence ranges or uncertainty intervals may be shown, but no result can guarantee an outcome.
Pregnalyze tools are intended to support understanding and informed discussion with qualified healthcare professionals. They should never delay or replace professional medical care.
Pregnalyze draws from peer-reviewed studies published in leading medical journals, including BMJ, The Lancet, Obstetrics & Gynecology, Human Reproduction, and The New England Journal of Medicine.
The sources listed below represent the primary research base used across Pregnalyze tools. These studies inform baseline probabilities, statistical modifiers, reference curves, and clinical assumptions applied throughout the platform.
Not all studies apply to every calculator or chart. Each tool uses a relevant subset of sources depending on its design and inputs.